Selasa, 17 Desember 2013
Capoeira is a traditional martial arts system founded in Brazil by African slaves brought by the Portuguese to Brazil to work on large plantations . In ancient times they were put through exercises accompanied by traditional musical instruments such as the berimbau ( a wooden arch with rope strings are struck with a small wood vibrates ) and atabaque ( large drum ) , and it is also easier for them to hide the exercise them in a variety of activities such as pleasure in a feast that is performed by the slaves in their quarters called Senzala . When an escaped slave he will be pursued by " hunters " armed professionals named Capitaes -do - mato ( captain forest ) . Usually capoeira is the only martial art used by the slaves to defend themselves . The fight they usually occur in the field in the forest in Tupi - Guarani language ( one of the indigenous languages in Brazil ) called CAA - puera - some historians argue that this is the origin of the name of the martial arts . Those who had fled villages gathered in the fenced named quilombo , in a place that is difficult to achieve. The most important Quilombo of Palmares which is where the population never reached totaling ten thousand and last up to approximately sixty years against the powers that want to invade them . The most famous of their chief named Zumbi . When the law to eliminate slavery emerged and Brazil began to import white laborers from countries such as Portugal , Spain and Italy to work in agriculture , many Negroes were forced to move residence to the cities , and because many of those who do not have jobs started to become criminals . Capoeira , which has become urbanized and began to be studied by the white people , in cities such as Rio de Janeiro , Salvador da Bahia and Recife , began to be seen by the public as a game of criminals and street people , the law appears to prohibit Capoeira . It seems at this time that they began to use a razor in his fight , this is the influence of capoeira player who comes from Portugal and sing fado ( traditional Portuguese music that is similar to keroncong ) . At the same time some sectors of the elite Brazilian racist shouting against African influence in the country cultures , and wanted to " whiten " their country . After about half a century in a clandestine , and people mepelajarinya hidden in the streets and in the back pages of the house , Manuel dos Reis Machado , the Master ( Mestre ) Bimba , held a show for the Getúlio Vargas , president of Brazil at the time it , and this is a new beginning for capoeira . Starting established academies , so that the public can learn the game of capoeira . The names of the most important at that time was Vicente Ferreira Pastinha ( Master Pastinha ) , which teaches the flow of " Angola " , which is very traditional , and Mestre Bimba , who founded the school with some of the innovations he calls " regional " .
Since that time until the present capoeira passed through a long journey . Currently capoeira studied almost all over the world , from Portugal to Norway , from the United States to Australia , from Indonesia to Japan . In Indonesia capoeira already becoming known many people , in addition to the existing group in Yogyakarta , there are also several groups in Jakarta . Many players who are interested in learning capoeira because the environment is relaxed and happy , is not the same as the hard discipline that is usually contained in the martial systems of the East . As once said by a great writer Jorge Amado of Brazil , the " battle of the most beautiful in the whole world , because it is also a dance " . In capoeira basic movement techniques starting from the " ginga " and not from the stop position which is characteristic of karate , taekwondo , martial arts , wushu kung fu , etc ... ; ginga body movements are ongoing and aims to find the right time to attack or defend themselves , which is often shy away from attacks . In the wheel of capoeira players to test themselves , the passing game of the match, in the middle of the circle made by the musicians with African musical instruments and sing a variety of songs , and other players clapped and sang the chorus . The lyrics of the songs were about the history of the arts , a professor at the past and present time , about life in the days of slavery , and resistance to achieve independence . Present a different style of playing music rhythm game for a variety of capoeira , there are slow and some are fast .
Capoeira does not just become a culture , but also a national sport of Brazil , and the teachers of the country makes capoeira becomes continuously more international , teaching in student groups , a variety of fitness centers , small organizations , etc. . Their students learn to sing songs of Capoeira with Portuguese language - " Capoeira é pre Homi , / mininu e mulhé ... " ( Capoeira for men / women and children ) .
